centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建-白红宇

centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

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发布时间：2019-06-12

本文共 12419 字，大约阅读时间需要 41 分钟。

Hadoop集群部署，就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79，hadoop2.7.5。

1.Hadoop的节点构成如下：

HDFS daemon： NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode

YARN damones： ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy

MapReduce Job History Server

本次测试的分布式环境为：Master 1台 (test166)，Slave 1台(test167)

2.1 安装JDK及下载解压hadoop

JDK安装可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Dylansuns/p/6974272.html 或者简单安装：https://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5809553.html

从官网下载Hadoop最新版2.7.5

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

将hadoop解压到/usr/hadoop/下

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

结果：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ lltotal 211852drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktopdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Documentsdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloadsdrwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop      4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5-rw-rw-r--.  1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Musicdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Picturesdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Publicdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Templatesdrwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.2 在各节点上设置主机名及创建hadoop组和用户

所有节点（master,slave）

1 [root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root2 [root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/hosts3 10.86.255.166 hadoop-master4 10.86.255.167 slave15 注意：修改hosts中，是立即生效的，无需source或者. 。

先使用

建立hadoop用户组

新建用户，useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop （新建用户hadoop指定用户主目录/usr/hadoop 及所属组hadoop）

passwd hadoop 设置hadoop密码（这里设置密码为hadoop）

[root@hadoop-master ~]# groupadd hadoop [root@hadoop-master ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop [root@hadoop-master ~]# passwd hadoop

2.3 在各节点上设置SSH无密码登录

最终达到目的：即在master:节点执行 ssh hadoop@salve1不需要密码，此处只需配置master访问slave1免密。

su - hadoop

进入~/.ssh目录

执行：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路回车

生成两个文件，一个私钥，一个公钥，在master1中执行：cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd/usr/hadoop[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de hadoop@hadoop-masterThe key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|=+*.. . .        ||oo O . o .       ||. o B + .        ||   = + . .       ||  + o   S        || . +             ||  . E            ||                 ||                 |+-----------------+[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll total 16 -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

2.3.1：本机无密钥登录

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd /usr/hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll total 16 -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts

验证：

没有提示输入密码则表示本机无密钥登录成功，如果此步不成功，后续启动hdfs脚本会要求输入密码

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@hadoop-masterLast login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.3.2：master与其他节点无密钥登录

( 若已有authorized_keys，则执行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1 上面命令的功能ssh-copy-id将pub值写入远程机器的~/.ssh/authorized_key中

)

从master中把authorized_keys分发到各个结点上(会提示输入密码，输入slave1相应的密码即可)：

scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys hadoop@slave1:/home/master/.ssh /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys hadoop@slave1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'hadoop@slave1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

然后在各个节点对authorized_keys执行(一定要执行该步，否则会报错)：chmod 600 authorized_keys

保证.ssh 700，.ssh/authorized_keys 600权限

测试如下（第一次ssh时会提示输入yes/no，输入yes即可）：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave1Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ [hadoop@slave1 ~]$ exit logout Connection to slave1 closed. [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.4 设置Hadoop的环境变量

Master及slave1都需操作

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root[root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/profile  末尾添加，保证任何路径下可执行hadoop命令JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarPATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

让设置生效

[root@hadoop-master ~]# source /etc/profile或者[root@hadoop-master ~]# . /etc/profile

Master设置hadoop环境

su - hadoop 1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh   新增以下内容2 export   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_793 export   HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5

此时hadoop安装已完成，可执行hadoop命令，后续步骤为集群部署

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hadoopUsage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME]  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME or  where COMMAND is one of:  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client  version              print the version  jar 
     
                  run a jar file                       note: please use "yarn jar" to launch                             YARN applications, not this command.  checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability  distcp 
       
       
         copy file or directories recursively  archive -archiveName NAME -p 
         
         
          * 
          
            create a hadoop archive classpath prints the class path needed to get the credential interact with credential providers Hadoop jar and the required libraries daemonlog get/set the log level for each daemon trace view and modify Hadoop tracing settingsMost commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.5 Hadoop设定

2.5.0 开放端口50070

注：centos7版本对防火墙进行加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewall

Master节点:

su - rootfirewall-cmd --state 查看状态（若关闭，则先开启systemctl start firewalld）firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口开启8000端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和访问类型) --permanent(永久生效)firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reload -重启防火墙firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动 关闭端口：firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent

Slave1节点：

su - root systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

2.5.1 在Master节点的设定文件中指定Slave节点

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ pwd/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ vi slavesslave1

2.5.2 在各节点指定HDFS文件存储的位置（默认是/tmp）

Master节点： namenode

创建目录并赋予权限

Su - root# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp# chown   -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

Slave节点：datanode

创建目录并赋予权限，改变所有者

Su - root# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp# chown -R   hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

2.5.3 在Master中设置配置文件(包括yarn)

su - hadoop  1 # vi   etc/hadoop/core-site.xml 2  3 
     
       4  5 
      
        6  7         
       
        fs.default.name
        8  9         
       
        hdfs://hadoop-master:9000
       10 11     
      12 13 
      
       14 15           
       
        hadoop.tmp.dir
       16 17           
       
        /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp
       18 19     
      20 21

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml 2  3 
     
       4  5 
      
        6  7         
       
        dfs.replication
        8  9       
       
        3
       10 11 
      12 13   
      
       14 15       
       
        dfs.name.dir
       16 17         
       
        /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name
       18 19 
      20 21     
      
       22 23       
       
        dfs.data.dir
       24 25       
       
        /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data
       26 27     
      28 29  30 31

1 #cp mapred-site.xml.template   mapred-site.xml 2  3 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml 4  5 
     
       6  7     
      
        8  9         
       
        mapreduce.framework.name
       10 11         
       
        yarn
       12 13     
      14 15

YARN设定

yarn的组成（Master节点： resourcemanager ，Slave节点： nodemanager）

以下仅在master操作,后面步骤会统一分发至salve1。

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml 2  3 
     
       4  5     
      
        6  7         
       
        yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
        8  9         
       
        hadoop-master
       10 11     
      12 13     
      
       14 15         
       
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
       16 17         
       
        mapreduce_shuffle
       18 19     
      20 21

2.5.4将Master的文件分发至slave1节点。

cd /usr/hadoopscp -r  hadoop-2.7.5 hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/hadoop

2.5.5 Master上启动job history server，Slave节点上指定

此步2.5.5可跳过

Mater:

启动jobhistory daemon

# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

确认

# jps

访问Job History Server的web页面

http://localhost:19888/

Slave节点：

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml2 3     
     
      4 5         
      
       mapreduce.jobhistory.address
      6 7         
      
       hadoop-master:10020
      8 9

2.5.6 格式化HDFS（Master）

# hadoop namenode -format

Master结果：

2.5.7 在Master上启动daemon，Slave上的服务会一起启动

启动:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.shThis script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.shStarting namenodes on [hadoop-master]hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.outslave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.outStarting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.outstarting yarn daemonsstarting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.outslave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$

确认

Master节点：

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps81209 NameNode81516 SecondaryNameNode82052 Jps81744 ResourceManager

Slave节点：

[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ jps58913 NodeManager59358 Jps58707 DataNode

停止（需要的时候再停止，后续步骤需running状态）:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.shThis script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: stopping namenode slave1: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager slave1: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop

2.5.8 创建HDFS

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user# hdfs dfs -mkdir   /user/test22

2.5.9 拷贝input文件到HDFS目录下

# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh   /user/test22/input

查看

# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input

2.5.10 执行hadoop job

统计单词的例子，此时的output是hdfs中的目录，hdfs dfs -ls可查看

# hadoop jar   share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount   /user/test22/input  output

确认执行结果

# hdfs dfs -cat output/*

2.5.11 查看错误日志

注：日志在salve1的*.log中而不是在master或*.out中

2.6 Q&A

1. hdfs dfs -put 报错如下，解决关闭master&salve防火墙

hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream

java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pu20065226/p/8464156.html

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